{"wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/June_16", "date": "June 16", "events": [{"year": "363", "description": "Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal Roman forces suffered several attacks from the Persians.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Julian (emperor)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_(emperor)"}, {"title": "Tigris", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigris"}, {"title": "Persia", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Persia"}]}, {"year": "632", "description": "Yazdegerd III ascends to the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty (modern Iran).", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Yazdegerd III", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazdegerd_III"}, {"title": "Shah", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah"}, {"title": "Sasanian Empire", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Empire"}, {"title": "Sasanian family tree", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_family_tree"}, {"title": "Iran", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"}]}, {"year": "1407", "description": "Ming-H\u1ed3 War: Retired King H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly and his son King H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng of H\u1ed3 dynasty are captured by the Ming armies.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Ming-H\u1ed3 War", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming%E2%80%93H%E1%BB%93_War"}, {"title": "H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_Qu%C3%BD_Ly"}, {"title": "H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_H%C3%A1n_Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng"}, {"title": "H\u1ed3 dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93_dynasty"}, {"title": "Ming dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty"}]}, {"year": "1487", "description": "Battle of Stoke Field, the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Battle of Stoke Field", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke_Field"}, {"title": "Wars of the Roses", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses"}]}, {"year": "1586", "description": "Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Mary, Queen of Scots", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots"}, {"title": "Philip II of Spain", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain"}, {"title": "Order of succession", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_succession#Monarchies_and_nobility"}]}, {"year": "1745", "description": "War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date).", "wikipedia": [{"title": "War of the Austrian Succession", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession"}, {"title": "New England", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England"}, {"title": "William Pepperrell", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pepperrell"}, {"title": "Fortress of Louisbourg", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg"}, {"title": "Louisbourg", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisbourg"}, {"title": "New France", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/New_France"}, {"title": "Old Style", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style"}]}, {"year": "1746", "description": "War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Sardinia", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia"}, {"title": "Battle of Piacenza", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Piacenza"}]}, {"year": "1755", "description": "French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beaus\u00e9jour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "French and Indian War", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War"}, {"title": "Military history of France", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_France"}, {"title": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Beaus%C3%A9jour"}, {"title": "Acadians", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadians"}]}, {"year": "1774", "description": "Foundation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Harrodsburg, Kentucky", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrodsburg,_Kentucky"}]}, {"year": "1779", "description": "Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Great Siege of Gibraltar", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Gibraltar"}]}, {"year": "1795", "description": "Cornwallis's Retreat, also known as the First Battle of Groix.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Cornwallis's Retreat", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwallis%27s_Retreat"}]}, {"year": "1815", "description": "Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Battle of Ligny", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny"}, {"title": "Battle of Quatre Bras", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Quatre_Bras"}, {"title": "Battle of Waterloo", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo"}]}, {"year": "1836", "description": "The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "London Working Men's Association", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Working_Men%27s_Association"}, {"title": "Chartism", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartism"}]}, {"year": "1846", "description": "The Papal conclave of 1846 elects Pope Pius IX, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Papal conclave, 1846", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_conclave,_1846"}, {"title": "Pope Pius IX", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX"}]}, {"year": "1858", "description": "Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Abraham Lincoln", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln"}, {"title": "Lincoln's House Divided Speech", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%27s_House_Divided_Speech"}, {"title": "Springfield, Illinois", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois"}]}, {"year": "1858", "description": "The Battle of Morar takes place during the Indian Mutiny.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Indian Mutiny", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Mutiny"}]}, {"year": "1871", "description": "The University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Universities Tests Act 1871", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_Tests_Act_1871"}, {"title": "University of Oxford", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford"}, {"title": "University of Cambridge", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge"}, {"title": "Durham University", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_University"}, {"title": "Theology", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Theology"}]}, {"year": "1883", "description": "The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England kills 183 children.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Victoria Hall stampede", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Hall_stampede"}, {"title": "Sunderland, Tyne and Wear", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear"}]}, {"year": "1884", "description": "The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's \"Switchback Railway\", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "LaMarcus Adna Thompson", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/LaMarcus_Adna_Thompson"}, {"title": "Switchback Railway", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchback_Railway"}, {"title": "Coney Island", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island"}]}, {"year": "1897", "description": "A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Republic of Hawaii", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Hawaii"}]}, {"year": "1903", "description": "The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Ford Motor Company", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company"}]}, {"year": "1903", "description": "Roald Amundsen commences the first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage, leaving Oslo, Norway.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Roald Amundsen", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen"}, {"title": "Northwest Passage", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_Passage"}, {"title": "Oslo", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo"}]}, {"year": "1904", "description": "Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Eugen Schauman", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Schauman"}, {"title": "Nikolay Bobrikov", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Bobrikov"}, {"title": "Governor-General of Finland", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Finland"}]}, {"year": "1904", "description": "Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called \"Bloomsday\".", "wikipedia": [{"title": "James Joyce", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce"}, {"title": "Nora Barnacle", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora_Barnacle"}, {"title": "Ulysses (novel)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)"}, {"title": "Bloomsday", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsday"}]}, {"year": "1911", "description": "IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "IBM", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM"}, {"title": "Endicott, New York", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Endicott,_New_York"}]}, {"year": "1922", "description": "General election in the Irish Free State: The pro-Treaty Sinn F\u00e9in win a large majority.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Irish Free State", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Free_State"}, {"title": "History of Sinn F\u00e9in", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sinn_F%C3%A9in"}]}, {"year": "1925", "description": "The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Young Pioneer", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pioneer"}, {"title": "Soviet Union", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union"}, {"title": "Artek (camp)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Artek_(camp)"}]}, {"year": "1930", "description": "Sovnarkom establishes decree time in the USSR.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Sovnarkom", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovnarkom"}, {"title": "Decree time", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree_time"}]}, {"year": "1933", "description": "The National Industrial Recovery Act is passed. It would later be declared unconstitutional.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "National Industrial Recovery Act", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Industrial_Recovery_Act"}, {"title": "A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/A.L.A._Schechter_Poultry_Corp._v._United_States"}]}, {"year": "1940", "description": "World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe P\u00e9tain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'\u00c9tat Fran\u00e7ais).", "wikipedia": [{"title": "World War II", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"}, {"title": "Henri Philippe P\u00e9tain", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Philippe_P%C3%A9tain"}, {"title": "Vichy France", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vichy_France"}]}, {"year": "1940", "description": "A Communist government is installed in Lithuania.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Communist", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist"}, {"title": "Lithuania", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania"}]}, {"year": "1944", "description": "At age 14, George Junius Stinney, Jr. becomes the youngest person executed in the United States in the 20th century.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "George Stinney", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stinney"}]}, {"year": "1948", "description": "Members of the Malayan Communist Party kill three British plantation managers in Sungai Siput; in response, British Malaya declares a state of emergency.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Malayan Communist Party", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party"}, {"title": "Sungai Siput", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Siput"}, {"title": "British Malaya", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malaya"}, {"title": "Malayan Emergency", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Emergency"}]}, {"year": "1955", "description": "In a futile effort to topple Argentine President Juan Per\u00f3n, rogue aircraft pilots of the Argentine Navy drop several bombs upon an unarmed crowd demonstrating in favor of Per\u00f3n in Buenos Aires, killing 364 and injuring at least 800. At the same time on the ground, some soldiers attempt to stage a coup but are suppressed by loyal forces.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Juan Per\u00f3n", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n"}, {"title": "Argentine Navy", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_Navy"}, {"title": "Bombing of Plaza de Mayo", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Plaza_de_Mayo"}, {"title": "Buenos Aires", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires"}]}, {"year": "1958", "description": "Imre Nagy, P\u00e1l Mal\u00e9ter and other leaders of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising are executed.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Imre Nagy", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Nagy"}, {"title": "P\u00e1l Mal\u00e9ter", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Mal%C3%A9ter"}, {"title": "Hungarian Revolution of 1956", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956"}]}, {"year": "1961", "description": "Rudolf Nureyev defects from the Soviet Union.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Rudolf Nureyev", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Nureyev"}]}, {"year": "1963", "description": "Soviet Space Program: Vostok 6 Mission: Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Vostok 6", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_6"}, {"title": "Cosmonaut", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmonaut"}, {"title": "Valentina Tereshkova", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova"}]}, {"year": "1972", "description": "The largest single-site hydroelectric power project in Canada is inaugurated at Churchill Falls Generating Station.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Churchill Falls Generating Station", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_Falls_Generating_Station"}]}, {"year": "1976", "description": "Soweto uprising: A non-violent march by 15,000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Soweto uprising", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising"}, {"title": "Soweto", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto"}]}, {"year": "1977", "description": "Oracle Corporation is incorporated in Redwood Shores, California, as Software Development Laboratories (SDL) by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Oracle Corporation", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation"}, {"title": "Redwood Shores, California", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwood_Shores,_California"}, {"title": "Larry Ellison", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Ellison"}, {"title": "Bob Miner", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Miner"}, {"title": "Ed Oates", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Oates"}]}, {"year": "1981", "description": "U.S. President Ronald Reagan awards the Congressional Gold Medal to Ken Taylor, Canada's former ambassador to Iran, for helping six Americans escape from Iran during the hostage crisis of 1979-81; he is the first foreign citizen bestowed the honor.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Ronald Reagan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan"}, {"title": "Congressional Gold Medal", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal"}, {"title": "Kenneth D. Taylor", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_D._Taylor"}, {"title": "Iran", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran"}, {"title": "Iran hostage crisis", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis"}]}, {"year": "1989", "description": "Revolutions of 1989: Imre Nagy, the former Hungarian Prime Minister, is reburied in Budapest following the collapse of Communism in Hungary.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Revolutions of 1989", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989"}, {"title": "Imre Nagy", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Nagy"}, {"title": "Prime Minister of Hungary", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary"}, {"title": "Budapest", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest"}]}, {"year": "1997", "description": "Da\u00efat Labguer (M'sila) massacre in Algeria: Fifty people die.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Da\u00efat Labguer (M'sila) massacre", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C3%AFat_Labguer_(M%27sila)_massacre"}, {"title": "Algeria", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria"}]}, {"year": "2000", "description": "Israel complies with United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 22 years after its issuance, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel does so, except the disputed Shebaa farms.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Israel", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"}, {"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 425", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425"}, {"title": "Lebanon", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon"}, {"title": "Shebaa farms", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebaa_farms"}]}, {"year": "2010", "description": "Bhutan becomes the first country to institute a total ban on tobacco.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Bhutan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan"}, {"title": "Tobacco Control Act of Bhutan 2010", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_Control_Act_of_Bhutan_2010"}]}, {"year": "2012", "description": "China successfully launches its Shenzhou 9 spacecraft, carrying three astronauts, including the first female Chinese astronaut Liu Yang, to the Tiangong-1 orbital module.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Shenzhou 9", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhou_9"}, {"title": "Liu Yang (astronaut)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Yang_(astronaut)"}, {"title": "Tiangong-1", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiangong-1"}]}, {"year": "2012", "description": "The United States Air Force's robotic Boeing X-37B spaceplane returns to Earth after a classified 469-day orbital mission.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "United States Air Force", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force"}, {"title": "Boeing X-37B", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_X-37B"}, {"title": "Spaceplane", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaceplane"}, {"title": "USA-226", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/USA-226"}]}, {"year": "2013", "description": "A multi-day cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "2013 North India floods", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_North_India_floods"}, {"title": "Uttarakhand", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhand"}]}]}