{"wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/June_15", "date": "June 15", "events": [{"year": "763 BC", "description": "Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Assyria", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyria"}, {"title": "Assyrian eclipse", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyrian_eclipse"}, {"title": "Chronology", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology"}, {"title": "Mesopotamia", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia"}]}, {"year": "844", "description": "Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Louis II of Italy", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy"}, {"title": "Italy", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy"}, {"title": "Rome", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome"}, {"title": "Pope Sergius II", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sergius_II"}]}, {"year": "923", "description": "Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Battle of Soissons (923)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(923)"}, {"title": "Robert I of France", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I_of_France"}, {"title": "Charles the Simple", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Simple"}, {"title": "Rudolph of France", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_of_France"}]}, {"year": "1184", "description": "King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the Battle of Fimreite.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Magnus V of Norway", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_V_of_Norway"}, {"title": "Battle of Fimreite", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fimreite"}]}, {"year": "1215", "description": "King John of England puts his seal to Magna Carta.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "John of England", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England"}, {"title": "Seal (emblem)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_(emblem)"}, {"title": "Magna Carta", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta"}]}, {"year": "1219", "description": "Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Northern Crusades", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Crusades"}, {"title": "Battle of Lyndanisse", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lyndanisse"}, {"title": "Tallinn", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn"}, {"title": "Danish Estonia", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Estonia"}]}, {"year": "1246", "description": "With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Frederick II, Duke of Austria", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Austria"}, {"title": "Babenberg dynasty", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Babenberg_dynasty"}]}, {"year": "1300", "description": "The city of Bilbao is founded.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Bilbao", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilbao"}]}, {"year": "1312", "description": "At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Battle of Rozgony", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rozgony"}, {"title": "Charles I of Hungary", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_Hungary"}, {"title": "Palatine of Hungary", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary"}, {"title": "Amade Aba", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Amade_Aba"}]}, {"year": "1389", "description": "Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Battle of Kosovo", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo"}, {"title": "Ottoman Empire", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire"}, {"title": "Serbs", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbs"}, {"title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"}]}, {"year": "1410", "description": "In a decisive battle at Onon River, the Mongol forces of Oljei Temur were decimated by the Chinese armies of the Yongle Emperor.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor%27s_campaigns_against_the_Mongols"}, {"title": "Oljei Temur", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Oljei_Temur"}, {"title": "Yongle Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor"}]}, {"year": "1502", "description": "Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Christopher Columbus", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus"}, {"title": "Martinique", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique"}]}, {"year": "1520", "description": "Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Pope Leo X", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_X"}, {"title": "Excommunication", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Excommunication"}, {"title": "Martin Luther", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther"}, {"title": "Exsurge Domine", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Exsurge_Domine"}]}, {"year": "1648", "description": "Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Margaret Jones (Puritan midwife)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Jones_(Puritan_midwife)"}, {"title": "Boston", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston"}, {"title": "Witchcraft", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcraft"}, {"title": "Massachusetts Bay Colony", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony"}]}, {"year": "1667", "description": "The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Blood transfusion", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusion"}, {"title": "Jean-Baptiste Denys", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Denys"}]}, {"year": "1670", "description": "The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Fort Ricasoli", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Ricasoli"}]}, {"year": "1752", "description": "Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Benjamin Franklin", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin"}, {"title": "Lightning", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning"}, {"title": "Electricity", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity"}]}, {"year": "1776", "description": "Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Delaware", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware"}, {"title": "Pennsylvania", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania"}]}, {"year": "1804", "description": "New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "New Hampshire", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire"}, {"title": "Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"}]}, {"year": "1808", "description": "Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Joseph Bonaparte", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte"}, {"title": "King of Spain", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spain"}]}, {"year": "1836", "description": "Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Arkansas", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas"}, {"title": "U.S. state", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state"}]}, {"year": "1844", "description": "Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Charles Goodyear", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Goodyear"}, {"title": "Patent", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent"}, {"title": "Vulcanization", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization"}, {"title": "Rubber", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber"}]}, {"year": "1846", "description": "The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Oregon Treaty", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Treaty"}, {"title": "49th parallel north", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/49th_parallel_north"}, {"title": "Rocky Mountains", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains"}, {"title": "Strait of Juan de Fuca", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Juan_de_Fuca"}]}, {"year": "1859", "description": "Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the \"Northwestern Boundary Dispute\" between United States and British/Canadian settlers.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Pig War (1859)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_War_(1859)"}]}, {"year": "1864", "description": "American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "American Civil War", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"}, {"title": "Second Battle of Petersburg", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Petersburg"}]}, {"year": "1864", "description": "Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81\u00a0km2) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Arlington National Cemetery", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery"}, {"title": "Robert E. Lee", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Lee"}, {"title": "Cemetery", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemetery"}, {"title": "United States Secretary of War", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War"}, {"title": "Edwin M. Stanton", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_M._Stanton"}]}, {"year": "1877", "description": "Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Henry Ossian Flipper", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ossian_Flipper"}, {"title": "African American", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American"}, {"title": "United States Military Academy", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy"}]}, {"year": "1878", "description": "Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Eadweard Muybridge", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadweard_Muybridge"}, {"title": "Sallie Gardner at a Gallop", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallie_Gardner_at_a_Gallop"}, {"title": "Film", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Film"}]}, {"year": "1888", "description": "Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Wilhelm II, German Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor"}, {"title": "German Empire", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Empire"}, {"title": "William I, German Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor"}, {"title": "Frederick III, German Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor"}, {"title": "Year of the Three Emperors", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_of_the_Three_Emperors"}]}, {"year": "1896", "description": "The deadliest tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "1896 Sanriku earthquake", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Sanriku_earthquake"}]}, {"year": "1904", "description": "A fire aboard the steamboat SS\u00a0General Slocum in New York City's East River kills 1,000.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "SS General Slocum", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_General_Slocum"}, {"title": "East River", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/East_River"}]}, {"year": "1916", "description": "United States President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Woodrow Wilson", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson"}, {"title": "Boy Scouts of America", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America"}]}, {"year": "1919", "description": "John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "John Alcock (aviator)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Alcock_(aviator)"}, {"title": "Arthur Brown (aviator)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Brown_(aviator)"}, {"title": "Transatlantic flight", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_flight"}, {"title": "Clifden", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifden"}, {"title": "County Galway", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Galway"}]}, {"year": "1920", "description": "A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Duchy of Schleswig", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig"}]}, {"year": "1921", "description": "Bessie Coleman earns her pilot's license, becoming the first female pilot of African-American descent.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Bessie Coleman", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessie_Coleman"}]}, {"year": "1934", "description": "The United States Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Great Smoky Mountains National Park", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park"}]}, {"year": "1936", "description": "First flight of the Vickers Wellington bomber.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Vickers Wellington", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_Wellington"}]}, {"year": "1937", "description": "A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Karl Wien", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wien"}, {"title": "Avalanche", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Avalanche"}, {"title": "Nanga Parbat", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanga_Parbat"}, {"title": "Eight-thousander", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-thousander"}]}, {"year": "1940", "description": "World War II: Operation Ariel begins: Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "World War II", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"}, {"title": "Operation Ariel", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ariel"}, {"title": "Allies of World War II", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II"}]}, {"year": "1944", "description": "World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Battle of Saipan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saipan"}, {"title": "Saipan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Saipan"}]}, {"year": "1944", "description": "In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Saskatchewan general election, 1944", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_general_election,_1944"}, {"title": "Co-operative Commonwealth Federation", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operative_Commonwealth_Federation"}, {"title": "Tommy Douglas", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Douglas"}, {"title": "Socialism", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism"}]}, {"year": "1970", "description": "Charles Manson goes on trial for the Sharon Tate murders.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Charles Manson", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Manson"}, {"title": "Sharon Tate", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_Tate"}]}, {"year": "1972", "description": "Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Red Army Faction", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army_Faction"}, {"title": "Ulrike Meinhof", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrike_Meinhof"}, {"title": "Langenhagen", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Langenhagen"}]}, {"year": "1977", "description": "After the death of dictator (in 1975) Francisco Franco, the first democratic elections took place in Spain on this day.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Francisco Franco", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Franco"}, {"title": "Spain", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain"}]}, {"year": "1978", "description": "King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Hussein of Jordan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan"}, {"title": "Jordan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan"}, {"title": "Queen Noor of Jordan", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Noor_of_Jordan"}]}, {"year": "1985", "description": "Rembrandt's painting Dana\u00eb is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Rembrandt", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Rembrandt"}, {"title": "Dana\u00eb (Rembrandt painting)", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%C3%AB_(Rembrandt_painting)"}, {"title": "Sulfuric acid", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid"}]}, {"year": "1991", "description": "In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century. In the end, over 800 people die.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Mount Pinatubo", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo"}]}, {"year": "1992", "description": "The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. \u00c1lvarez-Macha\u00edn that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the United States for trial, without approval from those other countries.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Supreme Court of the United States", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States"}, {"title": "United States v. Alvarez-Machain", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Alvarez-Machain"}]}, {"year": "1994", "description": "Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Israel", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel"}, {"title": "Vatican City", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_City"}, {"title": "Diplomatic relations", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_relations"}]}, {"year": "1996", "description": "The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonates a powerful truck bomb in the middle of Manchester, England, devastating the city centre and injuring 200 people.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "The Troubles", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Troubles"}, {"title": "Provisional Irish Republican Army", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army"}, {"title": "1996 Manchester bombing", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Manchester_bombing"}, {"title": "Manchester city centre", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_city_centre"}]}, {"year": "2001", "description": "Leaders of the People's Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation"}]}, {"year": "2012", "description": "Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to successfully tightrope walk directly over Niagara Falls.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "Nik Wallenda", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Nik_Wallenda"}, {"title": "Tightrope walking", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Tightrope_walking"}, {"title": "Niagara Falls", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Falls"}]}, {"year": "2013", "description": "A bomb explodes on a bus in the Pakistani city of Quetta, killing at least 25 people and wounding 22 others.", "wikipedia": [{"title": "June 2013 Quetta bombing", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2013_Quetta_bombing"}, {"title": "Pakistani", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani"}, {"title": "Quetta", "wikipedia": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta"}]}]}